IAC (028) 35 11 33 33 Emergency (028) 35 11 35 00 Nephrology Conditions We Treat IAC (028) 35 11 33 33 Emergency (028) 35 11 35 00 Nephrology Conditions We Treat From acute kidney injury and lupus nephritis to end-stage renal disease, we diagnose and manage the full spectrum of non-surgical kidney conditions in adults. Your kidneys filter approximately 200 litres of blood every day, removing waste, balancing fluid levels, regulating blood pressure, and producing hormones that support red blood cell production and bone health. When kidney function declines, the effects extend far beyond the kidneys themselves. Our department provides non-surgical diagnosis and management of the full range of kidney conditions in adults. Acute Kidney Conditions Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden episode of kidney failure or damage that develops within hours or days. It is most often caused by severe infection, blood loss, or medication toxicity, and requires prompt evaluation and treatment to prevent permanent damage. Acute renal failure / Acute kidney injury Fluid and electrolyte disorders (imbalances in sodium, potassium, and other minerals the kidneys regulate, which can cause muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythms, and in severe cases life-threatening complications) Haematuria (blood in the urine, which can indicate infection, kidney stones, or more serious kidney conditions requiring investigation) Proteinuria (protein in the urine, an early marker of kidney damage often detected before symptoms appear) Chronic Kidney Disease Chronic kidney disease (CKD) refers to structural or functional kidney abnormalities persisting for more than three months. It is staged from 1 to 5 based on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which measures how effectively the kidneys filter blood. A GFR below 60 ml/min confirms a CKD diagnosis. In its early stages CKD causes no symptoms, which is why it is so frequently detected late. Chronic renal failure / Chronic kidney disease (Stages 1 to 5) End-stage renal disease / Stage 5 CKD (where the kidneys can no longer maintain the body's fluid and chemical balance without external support) Hypertensive kidney disease (kidney damage caused by persistently elevated blood pressure) Diabetic Kidney Disease Diabetic kidney disease (diabetic nephropathy) develops when high blood sugar damages the renal arteries and small blood vessels in the kidneys, gradually impairing their filtering function. It progresses silently and usually shows no symptoms in its early stages. Nearly 50% of end-stage kidney failure patients on dialysis are diabetic. Diabetic kidney disease / Diabetic nephropathy Autoimmune and Inflammatory Kidney Disease The kidneys can be directly targeted by the immune system in several autoimmune conditions. These require coordination between nephrology and rheumatology for accurate diagnosis and effective management. Lupus nephritis (kidney inflammation caused by systemic lupus erythematosus, one of the most serious complications of lupus) Infection-related renal complications (kidney damage arising from severe or untreated infections)
